Structural Carbon Steel: 45# Specifications: Structural carbon steel 45# is detailed below:
| Standard No. |
Alloy No. |
Chemical compositions(%) |
| C |
Cr |
Mn |
Ni |
P |
S |
Si |
| GB/T699-1999 |
45# |
0.42~0.50 |
≤0.25 |
0.50~0.80 |
≤0.25 |
≤0.035 |
≤0.035 |
0.17~0.37 |
Mechanical
Property |
Tensile Strength(Mpa) |
Yeild Strength(Mpa) |
Elongation(%) |
Contraction of area Z(%) |
| ≥600 |
≥355 |
≥16 |
≥40 |
Correlation Between Properties and Parameters: The study of S45C (JIS)-SAE1045 (AISI)-SM45 of No. 45 Steel (45 Steel) reveals a comprehensive analysis of its mechanical properties and associated parameters.
No. 45 steel is a high-quality carbon structural steel boasting 0.45% carbon content. This steel is renowned for its affordability, excellent machinability, and superior hardness once quenched. Post quenching and tempering, it exhibits robust strength, toughness, and remarkable wear resistance, making it ideal for manufacturing structural components and economical plastic molds. Often referred to as '45 steel,' its technical symbol is '45#,' though the GB standard steel number is simply '45.' Equivalent steels include S45C (JIS) and 1045 (AISI). Moreover, our domestic metallurgical standards feature the SM45 grade, specifically for plastic mold applications. Compared to 45 steel, SM45 offers reduced phosphorus and sulfur content, resulting in enhanced purity.
| Standards |
YB/T 094 |
AISI |
JIS G4051 |
| Alloy No. |
SM45 |
1045 |
S45C |
| C |
0.42-0.48 |
0.43-0.50 |
0.42-0.48 |
| Si |
0.17-0.37 |
|
0.15-0.35 |
| Mn |
0.50-0.80 |
0.60-0.90 |
0.60-0.90 |
| P |
<0.030 |
<0.030 |
<0.030 |
| S |
<0.035 |
<0.035 |
<0.035 |
Recommended Heat Treatment & Hardness Process Specifications: For optimal performance, quenching should be conducted at temperatures between 820-860°C, followed by water or oil cooling, achieving a hardness of 250 HRC. The ideal tempering process involves heating to 500-560°C, with subsequent air cooling, yielding a hardness of 25-33 HRC. This tempering range ensures a balanced combination of strength, plasticity, and toughness in 45 steel, making it well-suited for alternating load conditions. However, the surface hardness remains relatively low post-quenching and tempering, necessitating an additional surface quenching treatment to augment surface hardness and wear resistance.
| Tempering temperature |
After quenching |
Unit centigrade |
| 200 |
300 |
400 |
500 |
550 |
600 |
Hardness
HRC |
57 |
55 |
50 |
41 |
33 |
26 |
22 |
| Mechanical properties (GB/T 699-1999) |
| Sample size |
mm |
25 |
| Heat treatments recommended |
Normalizing |
ºC |
850 |
| Quenching |
ºC |
840 |
| Tempering |
ºC |
600 |
| Mechanical properties |
Tensile strongth |
Mpa |
≥600 |
| Strong yield |
Mpa |
≥355 |
| Elongation |
Mpa |
≥16 |
| Section shrinkago |
Mpa |
≥40 |
| Impact |
Mpa |
≥39 |
| Hardness of delivery |
|
HB |
≤229 |
| |
HB |
≤197 |
Jiangsu Changli Equipment Manufacturing Co., Ltd., situated in the vibrant Jiangyin City of Jiangsu Province, stands as a beacon of excellence in the steel forging industry. Renowned for its comprehensive expertise, our enterprise specializes in producing an array of forged materials, including round steel, square steel, shaft forgings, ring forgings, and cylinder forgings. We offer an extensive suite of services encompassing forging processing, heat treatment, mechanical processing, and the production of finished parts. With the capability to supply ingot steel ranging from 0.75 tons to a substantial 30 tons, we are well-equipped to meet diverse forging needs. Boasting a robust supply channel for special steel, our product range includes premium chromium-nickel-molybdenum steel, bonded steel, carbon steel, stainless steel, spring steel, and bearing steel, among others. Our commitment to quality is unwavering, ensuring meticulous flaw detection in alignment with customer specifications and providing comprehensive quality certification documents.
Forging Equipment
Our state-of-the-art facility is equipped with an impressive array of machinery, including a 2000-ton hydraulic press, a ring rolling machine, and forging hammers in various capacities (3 tons, 2 tons, 1 ton, and 750KG). Additionally, we house a 30T heat treatment and tempering furnace, lathes, sawing machines, and over 30 other advanced pieces of equipment, enabling us to masterfully produce forgings.
We specialize in crafting forgings that weigh between 20Kg and 20000Kg. These high-quality products find extensive application across a myriad of industries such as domestic large locomotives, coal machinery, petroleum machinery, and shipbuilding. Our reach extends beyond national borders, with significant exports to Europe, Southeast Asia, and other international markets, leveraging cutting-edge production technology.
Our advanced production process employs high-power electric furnaces (EF), furnace external refining (LF), vacuum degassing (VD), fast forging, annealing (or normalizing), and precision turning. This meticulous approach ensures that our products meet stringent chemical composition and mechanical property requirements, delivering exceptional reliability and performance.
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What is the difference between forging and casting?
Forging: This transformative process involves reshaping a solid material from one form to another. Casting: This process transforms molten, shapeless liquid metal into a solid form with definitive shape. The casting process involves pouring molten metal into a mold to obtain a casting. The casting profession focuses on the intricacies of metal melting and stringent process control during the casting phase. Forging, conversely, is a plastic forming process in the solid state, divided into hot and cold processing. Forging methods include extrusion, drawing, roughening, punching, and more. While casting is characterized as a solid-liquid-solid transformation, forging is a solid-to-solid transformation where a solid material reshapes at high temperatures. These differences highlight the distinct procedures and processes involved in each method.
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How to choose high-quality forgings?
To ensure the highest quality of forgings, rigorous inspection methods are applied, including both external observation and internal examination. The external observation method entails scrutinizing the product's appearance, assessing shape, geometric dimensions, and surface conditions to ensure compliance with standards and absence of external defects. This involves checking if the external dimensions adhere to specifications and if the surface is free from cracks, wrinkles, bubbles, indentations, pits, impurities, scratches, etc. Internal examination delves deeper, analyzing chemical composition, macroscopic and microscopic structures, and mechanical properties. This process employs specialized high-magnification instruments to identify internal flaws like fractures, shrinkage, dendrites, white spots, disordered flow lines, and throughflow anomalies. The inspection also evaluates tensile strength, ductility, hardness, plasticity, and heat resistance temperature of the forging, ensuring comprehensive quality control.
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What are the characteristics of the forging process for blank forgings?
The forging process for circular forgings encompasses critical steps such as pier roughening, elongation, punching, and expanding. A key distinction between free forging and ring rolling processes lies in the hole expansion technique. In ring forging production, free forging typically employs a horse screw for hole expansion, whereas ring rolling utilizes a rolling method for the same purpose. This differentiation in processes underscores the tailored approaches needed for specific forging requirements.
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