Structural Carbon Steel: 45# Detailed Specifications:
| Standard No. |
Alloy No. |
Chemical compositions(%) |
| C |
Cr |
Mn |
Ni |
P |
S |
Si |
| GB/T699-1999 |
45# |
0.42~0.50 |
≤0.25 |
0.50~0.80 |
≤0.25 |
≤0.035 |
≤0.035 |
0.17~0.37 |
Mechanical
Property |
Tensile Strength(Mpa) |
Yeild Strength(Mpa) |
Elongation(%) |
Contraction of area Z(%) |
| ≥600 |
≥355 |
≥16 |
≥40 |
Exploring the Correlation Between Properties and Parameters of S45C (JIS), SAE1045 (AISI), and SM45 in No. 45 Steel:
No. 45 steel, a carbon structural steel with a 0.45% carbon content, stands out for its cost-effectiveness and excellent cutting performance. When quenched, it achieves remarkable hardness, strength, and toughness, making it highly resistant to wear. It is extensively used in the manufacture of structural components and low-grade plastic molds. Known colloquially as '45 steel' and often symbolized as '45 #', its official GB standard designation is simply '45'. Internationally, similar designations include S45C (JIS) and 1045 (AISI). Additionally, in our country's metallurgical standards, the SM45 brand is specified for plastic molds due to its superior purity and reduced phosphorus and sulfur content compared to 45 steel.
| Standards |
YB/T 094 |
AISI |
JIS G4051 |
| Alloy No. |
SM45 |
1045 |
S45C |
| C |
0.42-0.48 |
0.43-0.50 |
0.42-0.48 |
| Si |
0.17-0.37 |
|
0.15-0.35 |
| Mn |
0.50-0.80 |
0.60-0.90 |
0.60-0.90 |
| P |
<0.030 |
<0.030 |
<0.030 |
| S |
<0.035 |
<0.035 |
<0.035 |
Recommended Heat Treatment and Hardness Specifications: For quenching, a temperature range of 820 - 860°C is recommended, with either water or oil cooling, resulting in a hardness of approximately 250 HRC. For tempering, a process temperature of 500 - 560°C is advised with air cooling, achieving a hardness range of 25 - 33 HRC. This tempering range allows for an optimal balance of strength, plasticity, and toughness in No. 45 steel, making it well-suited for environments with alternating loads. To enhance surface hardness, quenching and tempering are often combined with surface quenching techniques.
| Tempering temperature |
After quenching |
Unit centigrade |
| 200 |
300 |
400 |
500 |
550 |
600 |
Hardness
HRC |
57 |
55 |
50 |
41 |
33 |
26 |
22 |
| Mechanical properties (GB/T 699-1999) |
| Sample size |
mm |
25 |
| Heat treatments recommended |
Normalizing |
ºC |
850 |
| Quenching |
ºC |
840 |
| Tempering |
ºC |
600 |
| Mechanical properties |
Tensile strongth |
Mpa |
≥600 |
| Strong yield |
Mpa |
≥355 |
| Elongation |
Mpa |
≥16 |
| Section shrinkago |
Mpa |
≥40 |
| Impact |
Mpa |
≥39 |
| Hardness of delivery |
|
HB |
≤229 |
| |
HB |
≤197 |
Jiangsu Changli Equipment Manufacturing Co., Ltd., nestled in the industrious Jiangyin City of Jiangsu Province, is a premier steel forging enterprise. We specialize in the production of high-quality forged round steel, square steel, shaft forgings, ring forgings, cylinder forgings, and offer comprehensive forging processing, heat treatment, mechanical processing, and finished parts processing services. Our expertise extends to supplying ingot steel ranging from 0.75 tons to 30 tons. Leveraging a robust special steel supply network, we excel particularly in special steel forgings, boasting an impressive array of products including chromium-nickel-molybdenum steel, bonded steel, carbon steel, stainless steel, spring steel, bearing steel, and rolls. We ensure flawless detection at all stages as per customer requirements, accompanied by comprehensive quality certification documents.
Forging Equipment
Our state-of-the-art facility features a 2000-ton hydraulic press, a ring rolling machine, forging hammers of various capacities (3 tons, 2 tons, 1 ton, and 750KG), a 30T heat treatment and tempering furnace, lathes, sawing machines, and over 30 other advanced pieces of equipment. This extensive setup enables us to produce
forgings ranging from 20Kg to 20000Kg. Our products find extensive applications in domestic industries such as large locomotives, coal machinery, petroleum machinery, and shipbuilding. Additionally, we proudly export to Europe, Southeast Asia, and other global markets. Our forging products are crafted using pioneering production technology, ensuring high-quality outcomes.
We employ cutting-edge technology such as high-power electric furnace (EF), external refining furnace (LF), vacuum degassing (VD), fast forging, and annealing (or normalizing), followed by precision turning. This ensures the chemical composition and mechanical properties meet the stringent requirements of our clients.
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What is the difference between forging and casting?
Forging: This is a transformative process where a solid material changes from one shape to another. It involves plastic deformation techniques, including extrusion, drawing, roughening, and punching, and can be categorized into hot and cold processing. Casting: In contrast, casting involves pouring molten metal into a mold to solidify into a specific shape. The casting process emphasizes metal melting and process control during solidification. While forging is a solid-to-solid transformation done at high temperatures, casting transitions from liquid to solid. These processes differ significantly in their methodologies, resulting in distinct final products.
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How do you select high-quality forgings?
Selecting high-quality forgings involves both external observation methods and internal inspection techniques. Externally, the focus is on the appearance, shape, geometric dimensions, and surface quality to ensure they meet standards and are free from defects such as cracks, wrinkles, bubbles, indentations, pits, impurities, and scratches. Internally, inspections analyze the chemical composition, macroscopic and microscopic structures, and mechanical properties using specialized high-magnification instruments. This checks for internal anomalies such as fractures, shrinkage, dendrites, white spots, disordered flow lines, and throughflow. Additionally, the forging's tensile strength, ductility, hardness, plasticity, and heat resistance are evaluated to ensure comprehensive quality.
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What are the characteristics of the forging process for blank forgings?
The forging process for circular forgings includes pier roughening, elongation, punching, and expanding. Free forging and ring rolling processes primarily differ in the hole-expanding steps. Free forging employs a horse screw to expand the hole, while ring rolling uses rolling techniques for this purpose. Each method has its unique benefits depending on the specific requirements of ring forging production.
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