Structural Carbon Steel: 45# - Detailed Specifications Below:
| Standard No. |
Alloy No. |
Chemical compositions(%) |
| C |
Cr |
Mn |
Ni |
P |
S |
Si |
| GB/T699-1999 |
45# |
0.42~0.50 |
≤0.25 |
0.50~0.80 |
≤0.25 |
≤0.035 |
≤0.035 |
0.17~0.37 |
Mechanical
Property |
Tensile Strength(Mpa) |
Yeild Strength(Mpa) |
Elongation(%) |
Contraction of area Z(%) |
| ≥600 |
≥355 |
≥16 |
≥40 |
Exploring the Correlation Between Properties and Parameters of No. 45 Steel: S45C (JIS), SAE1045 (AISI), and SM45:
No. 45 steel, a carbon structural steel with a 0.45% carbon content, is lauded for its affordability, excellent machinability, and impressive mechanical properties. After quenching, it exhibits high hardness, and when further treated with quenching and tempering, it offers remarkable strength, toughness, and wear resistance. This makes it indispensable for manufacturing structural components and low-grade plastic molds. While commonly referred to as '45 steel,' its proper designation per GB standards is simply '45'. This versatile material aligns with international equivalents such as S45C (JIS) and 1045 (AISI). Moreover, China's metallurgical standards identify a variant, SM45, specifically for plastic mold applications, which boasts lower phosphorus and sulfur content for superior purity.
| Standards |
YB/T 094 |
AISI |
JIS G4051 |
| Alloy No. |
SM45 |
1045 |
S45C |
| C |
0.42-0.48 |
0.43-0.50 |
0.42-0.48 |
| Si |
0.17-0.37 |
|
0.15-0.35 |
| Mn |
0.50-0.80 |
0.60-0.90 |
0.60-0.90 |
| P |
<0.030 |
<0.030 |
<0.030 |
| S |
<0.035 |
<0.035 |
<0.035 |
Recommended Heat Treatment and Hardness Specifications: For quenching, utilize a temperature range of 820 - 860°C, followed by water or oil cooling, to achieve a hardness of 250 HRC. For tempering, employ a temperature range of 500 - 560°C with air cooling to attain a hardness of 25 - 33 HRC. Tempering within this range optimizes the balance of strength, plasticity, and toughness in 45 steel, offering excellent overall performance suitable for environments with alternating loads. Post-quenching and tempering, the surface hardness can be suboptimal for wear resistance, thus surface quenching is often added to significantly enhance the surface hardness of parts.
| Tempering temperature |
After quenching |
Unit centigrade |
| 200 |
300 |
400 |
500 |
550 |
600 |
Hardness
HRC |
57 |
55 |
50 |
41 |
33 |
26 |
22 |
| Mechanical properties (GB/T 699-1999) |
| Sample size |
mm |
25 |
| Heat treatments recommended |
Normalizing |
ºC |
850 |
| Quenching |
ºC |
840 |
| Tempering |
ºC |
600 |
| Mechanical properties |
Tensile strongth |
Mpa |
≥600 |
| Strong yield |
Mpa |
≥355 |
| Elongation |
Mpa |
≥16 |
| Section shrinkago |
Mpa |
≥40 |
| Impact |
Mpa |
≥39 |
| Hardness of delivery |
|
HB |
≤229 |
| |
HB |
≤197 |
Jiangsu Changli Equipment Manufacturing Co., Ltd., strategically situated in the industrial hub of Jiangyin City, Jiangsu Province, is a premier steel forging enterprise. Specializing in the production of high-quality forged round steel, square steel, and a variety of other forgings such as shafts, rings, and cylinders, we offer comprehensive services including forging processing, heat treatment, and mechanical finishing. Our capabilities extend to providing ingot steel ranging from 0.75 tons to 30 tons. Leveraging robust special steel supply channels, we excel in special steel forgings, offering an array of products including chromium-nickel-molybdenum steel, bonded steel, carbon steel, stainless steel, spring steel, and bearing steel. Rolls and other series are also available. We ensure meticulous flaw detection as per customer requirements and provide comprehensive quality certification documents, reinforcing our commitment to excellence.
Forging Equipment
Our state-of-the-art facility boasts an impressive array of equipment, including a 2000-ton hydraulic press, a ring rolling machine, and multiple forging hammers ranging from 750KG to 3 tons. Additional equipment includes a 30T heat treatment and tempering furnace, lathes, sawing machines, and over 30 other specialized machines, all designed to cater to diverse production needs.
We are capable of producing forgings weighing between 20Kg and 20000Kg. Our products are integral to a variety of industries, including domestic large locomotives, coal machinery, petroleum machinery, and shipbuilding. Furthermore, we proudly export to Europe, Southeast Asia, and other global markets, utilizing advanced production technologies.
Our sophisticated production process incorporates high-power electric furnaces (EF), external refining (LF), vacuum degassing (VD), and rapid forging annealing (or normalizing) turning, ensuring that we meet stringent chemical composition and mechanical property requirements.
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What distinguishes forging from casting?
Forging: This is a process where a solid material is transformed from one shape to another. Casting: This involves transforming a shapeless liquid metal into a solid with a defined shape. In casting, molten metal is poured into a mold to produce a casting. The focus in casting is on the metal melting process and the control of various stages during the casting process. Forging is a plastic deformation process performed in the solid state and can involve hot or cold processing. Common forging techniques include extrusion, drawing, roughening, and punching. Casting involves a liquid-to-solid transformation, whereas forging is a solid-to-solid transformation where a solid changes its shape at high temperatures. The shaping processes and techniques of the two methods differ significantly.
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How can you select high-quality forgings?
When inspecting the quality of forgings, two main methods are used: external observation and internal inspection. External observation involves examining the product's appearance, including its shape, geometric dimensions, and surface condition, to determine if it meets standards and is free from external defects. This includes checking for surface defects such as cracks, wrinkles, bubbles, indentations, pits, impurities, and scratches. Internal inspection, on the other hand, involves analyzing the chemical composition, macroscopic and microscopic structures, and mechanical properties of the forgings. This requires specialized instruments for high magnification inspection to detect internal defects like fractures, shrinkage, dendrites, white spots, disordered flow lines, and throughflow. Additionally, it assesses properties such as tensile strength, ductility, hardness, plasticity, and heat resistance temperature.
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What are the unique aspects of the forging process for blank forgings?
The forging process for circular forgings includes several key steps: pier roughening, elongation, punching, and expanding. The primary difference between free forging and ring rolling processes lies in the method of expanding holes. In ring forging production, free forging typically uses a horse screw for hole expansion, while ring rolling employs rolling techniques for hole expansion.
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